I am not a Vedic scholar who has mastered the Veda (Science of Knowledge), but a common man and think, like any other common man, I too have little understanding about life, living, destiny, etc.
Very often, when a good or bad thing happens to a person, we immediately say it is the result of his or her 'Karma'.
What is this ‘Karma’? It is Sanskrit word derived from its root ‘Kri’ of ‘Kriya’, which means ‘to do’ or “to make” or more simply, “an action”.
We also use a saying, “As you sow so you reap”, this can be a brief explanation to word Karma, which means you will get a suitable result for every action you do.
The deeper meaning of Karma, however, sowing reaping is not of one-time action; it is an infinite chain of the results from the actions that we had perceived and performed. Thus, every action that is done after perceiving, is being added to the store as our karma.
Earlier days our grandparents would say our ‘lekha-jokha’, i.e., an account of our deeds, which is said to be kept by Chitragupta and we will continue to take birth in this earth till our account is completely squared off, say cleared off.
An action may be positive or negative and it will have to be balanced by a reward or a punishment, and to receive this result we need to take birth.
If we understand the computer system, it can be easy to understand the concept of Karma. The mind temporary storage unit connected with senses, the input devices, getting all the data from the outer world. These data are processed by the brain and resulted in the information. This information trigger the mind, which in turn gets some emotion - liking or disliking that cause a desire in the deep conscious mind the permanent storage unit, the storage device through this the outputs. Now, when a person dies Shtoola Sarira is left here on the earth, the Soul in the Karana Sharira goes with the embedded Consciousness with all its records imprinted in it. Such infected Soul doesn't get entry to Ultimate Destination of the Paramatma and it is returned back to earth to format the storage unit - the consciousness.
Our body is like a computer system, it has hardware, i.e., our physical body, the sthoola sharira, the way the computer works on electric power so our physical body works on the vital power that we get through our Prana from the breath.
Then, like system software of a computer, which controls hardware parts – operating system (OS), drivers (programs run computer peripherals), tools, etc., and manage the memory, in our body, we have wisdom, intelligence.
In the manner the instructions on ROM put the computer to function, so the soul that boots the body and put to act according to the instructions written on the soul.
These are the instructions written in all past life. So long there are instructions on the soul we will have to take birth after birth.
In this context, we can find what Adi Shankara has stated in the Bhaja Govindam. He said that our soul – the Atma, takes birth, dies and then again goes to the womb of the mother to take a birth: "Punarapi jananam punarapi maranam, punarapi Janani jathare Sayan; iha snasare bahu dustare krupaya paare pahi murare"
Thus we create a chain of actions and reactions throughout our reincarnated our lives. So, in every life, our endeavor has to be to minimize these actions and reactions.
On this Maharishi Patanjali in 12 sutra of Yoga Sutra has said: